高频振荡对致痫灶定位的研究进展

【摘要】癫痫(epilepsy)是一种慢性脑部疾病，以脑部神经元过度放电所致的突然反复和短暂刻板的中枢神经系统功能失常为特征。据最新流行病学研究，国内有近1 000万癫痫患者。在癫痫的临床诊疗中，脑电图（EEG）检查必不可少，半个多世纪以来一直沿用棘波作为致痫灶的电生理标识。在过去的三十年里，高频振荡（HFOs）作为癫痫发生和发展的一个新的潜在生物标识，获得了人们的广泛关注。大量研究证明：高频振荡与致痫灶（EZ）有着密切的关系，可运用其定位致痫灶，还有研究发现其可反映癫痫病情的严重程度及病理损害的严重程度，并可协助检测癫痫的易感性及癫痫发作开始的预测等。本文主要围绕高频振荡的定义、采集及分析，发作期与发作间期高频振荡，以及高频振荡与致痫灶及手术预后的关系等方面做了简要综述如下。

Abstract: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by sudden repetitive and transient central nervous system dysfunction caused by excessive discharge of brain neurons. According to the latest epidemiological research, there are nearly 10 million epilepsy patients in China. In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, electroencephalogram(EEG) is indispensable, and spike waves have been used as the electrophysiological marker of epileptogenic zone（EZ） for more than half a century. In the past thirty years, high frequency oscillations(HFOs), as a new potential biomarker for the occurrence and development of epilepsy, have received widespread attention. A large number of studies have proved that HFOs are closely related to EZ, which can be used to locate EZ, reflect the severity of epilepsy and pathological damage, and can assist in the detection of epilepsy, predict the onset of seizures. This paper mainly focuses on the definition, collection and analysis of high-frequency oscillation, high-frequency oscillation in seizure and interictal period, and the relationship between high-frequency oscillation and epileptogenic focus and surgical prognosis.